C 中的每个变量都有一个关联的数据类型。每种数据类型需要不同数量的内存,并且有一些可以在其上执行的特定操作。让我们一一简要描述:
以下是 C 中使用的一些非常常见的数据类型的示例:
我们可以使用sizeof() 运算符来检查变量的大小。有关各种数据类型的用法,请参见以下 C 程序:
输出:
- char: C 中最基本的数据类型。它存储单个字符,在几乎所有编译器中都需要一个字节的内存。
- int:顾名思义,一个int变量用于存储一个整数。
- float:用于存储单精度十进制数(具有浮点值的数字)。
- double:用于以双精度存储十进制数(具有浮点值的数字)。
Data Type | Memory (bytes) | Range | Format Specifier |
---|---|---|---|
short int | 2 | -32,768 to 32,767 | %hd |
unsigned short int | 2 | 0 to 65,535 | %hu |
unsigned int | 4 | 0 to 4,294,967,295 | %u |
int | 4 | -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 | %d |
long int | 4 | -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 | %ld |
unsigned long int | 4 | 0 to 4,294,967,295 | %lu |
long long int | 8 | -(2^63) to (2^63)-1 | %lld |
unsigned long long int | 8 | 0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 | %llu |
signed char | 1 | -128 to 127 | %c |
unsigned char | 1 | 0 to 255 | %c |
float | 4 | %f | |
double | 8 | %lf | |
long double | 16 | %Lf |
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 1;
char b = 'G';
double c = 3.14;
printf("Hello World!n");
// printing the variables defined
// above along with their sizes
printf("Hello! I am a character. My value is %c and "
"my size is %lu byte.n",
b, sizeof(char));
// can use sizeof(b) above as well
printf("Hello! I am an integer. My value is %d and "
"my size is %lu bytes.n",
a, sizeof(int));
// can use sizeof(a) above as well
printf("Hello! I am a double floating point variable."
" My value is %lf and my size is %lu bytes.n",
c, sizeof(double));
// can use sizeof(c) above as well
printf("Bye! See you soon. :)n");
return 0;
}
Hello World! Hello! I am a character. My value is G and my size is 1 byte. Hello! I am an integer. My value is 1 and my size is 4 bytes. Hello! I am a double floating point variable. My value is 3.140000 and my size i s 8 bytes. Bye! See you soon. :)